Lipase Functionalized Magnetic Nanobiocatalyst for Transesterification of Waste cooking oil into Biodiesel

Abstract

The enzyme functionalized magnetic nanoparticle has great potential owing to its surface functionalities. In this work, nanobiocomposite (lipase bound magnetic nanoparticles) was used as catalyst for the transesterification of waste cooking oil into biodiesel. The average roughness and nonuniformity of the synthesized composite was analyzed using AFM, with certain aggregation over the surface of the particles. The chemical bonding of lipase with magnetic nanoparticles was confirmed by FT-IR and the XRD analysis confirmed the phase transition of lipase with magnetic particles. The magnetic property of composite after immobilization was confirmed by VSM. The biodiesel yield of 93.58% was obtained at 90 min of reaction time, 40ºC of temperature using 36% (w/w) of catalyst loading and 1:5 (v:v) ratio of oil to methanol. The reusability characteristics were studied, indicating the stability over three runs. The presence of fatty acid methyl esters (biodiesel) was confirmed by GC-MS analysis.

Keywords

Biodiesel; Lipase; Immobilization; Tansesterification; Magnetic nanoparticles

References

1. Nasreen S, Liu H, Skala D, Waseem A, Wan L. Preparation of biodiesel from soybean oil using La/Mn oxide catalyst. Fuel Process Technol 2015;131:290-96.
2. Chen GY, Shan R, Shi JF, Yan BB. Transesterification of palm oil to biodiesel using rice husk ash -based catalysts . Fuel Process Technol 2015;133:8-13.
3. Guldhe A, Singh B, Mutanda T, Permaul K, Bux F. Advances in synthesis of biodiesel via enzyme catalysis: Novel andsustainable approaches. Renew Sust Energy Rev 2015; 4:1447-64.
4. Azocar L, Ciudad G, Heipiep er H , Navia R. Biotechnological processes for biodiesel production using alternative oils. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010;88:621-36.
5. Li F, Li H, Li -Guo W , Yan C. Waste carbide slag as a solid base catalyst for effective synthesis of biodiesel via transesterification of soybean oil with methanol. Fuel Process Technol 2015;131:421-29.
6. Al-Zuhair S, Hasan M, Ramachandran KB. Kinetics of the enzymatic hydrolysis of ©2019 The Authors. Published by G. J. Publications under the CC BY license. 268 palm oil by lipase . Process Biochem 2003;38:1155-63.
7. Vatta LL, Sanderson R.D, Koch KR. Magnetic na noparticles: Properties and potential applications. Pure Appl Chem 2006;78:1793-801.
8. Hu B, Pan J, Yu HL, Liu JW , Xu JH. Immobilization of Serratia marcescens lipase onto amino - functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for repeated use in the enzymatic synthesi s of diltiazem intermediate. Process Biochem 2009;44:1019-24.
9. Huang SH, Liao MH, Chen D. Direct binding and characterization of lipase onto magnetic nanoparticles . Biotechnol Prog 2003;19(3):1095-100.
10. Guo Z , Sun Y. Characteristics of immobilized lipase on hydrophobic superparamagnetic microspheres to catalyze esterification. Biotechnol Prog 2004;20(2):500-6.
11. Xie W and Ma N. Immobilized lipase on Fe3O4nanoparticles as biocatalyst for biodiesel production. Energ Fuels 2009;23(3):1347-53.
12. Kanimozhi S , Perinbam P. Synthesis of amino-silane modified superparamagnetic Fe3SO4 nanoparticles and its application in immobilization of lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens LP 1. Mater Res Bull 2013;48:1830-36.
13. Dussan KJ, Cardona CA, Giraldo OH, Gutierrez LF, Perez VH. Analysis of active extraction process for biodiesel production using a lipase immobilized on magnetic nanostructures. Bioresour Technol 2010;101:9542-9.
14. Baskar G, Aiswarya R. Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using copper doped zinc oxide nanoc omposite as heterogeneous catal yst. Bioresour Technol 2015;188:124-7.
15. Lei L, Bai YX, Li YF, Yi LX, Yang Y, Xia CG. Study on immobilization of lipase onto magnetic microspheres with epoxy groups. J Magn Magn Mater 2009;321:252-8.
16. Peng Q, Liu Y, Zeng G, Xu W, Yang C, Zhang J. Biosorption of copper (II) by immobilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the surface of chitosan -coated magnetic nanoparticles from aqueous solution. J Hazard Mater 2010;177:676-82.
17. Hong RY, Pana TT, Lib HZ. Synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles without inert gas protection used as precursors of magnetic fluids. J Magn Magn Mater 2006;303:60- 8.
18. Jiang DS, Long SY, Huang J, Xiao HY , Zhou JY. Immobilization of Pycnoporus sanguineus laccase on magnetic chitosan microspheres. Biochem Eng J 2005;25(1):15-23.
19. Sathya K, Saravanathamizhan R, Baskar G. Ultrasound assisted phytosynthesis of iron oxide nanoparticle . Ultrason Sonochem 2017;37:446-51.
20. Baskar G, Dhanusree V, Shravanthi R, George GB. Magnetic nanocomposite of activated charcoal for removal of Congo red dye . Management of Environmental Quality 2016;27:45-58.
21. Lee M, Lee J., Lee D, Cho J, Kim S, Park C. Improvement of enzymatic biodiesel production by controlled substrate feeding using silica gel in solvent free system. Enzyme Microb Tech 2011;49:402-6.
22. Shimada Y, Watanabe Y, Sugihara A, Tominaga Y. Enzymatic alcoholysis for biodiesel fuel production and application of the reaction to oil processing. J Mol Catal B Enzym 2002;17:133-42.
23. Gharat N, Rathod V.K. Ultrasound assisted enzyme catalyzed transesterification of waste cooking oil with dimethyl carbonate. Ultrason Sonochem 2013;20:900-5.
24. Wenlei X and Jianlong W. Immobilized lipase on magnetic chitosan microspheres for transesterification of soybean oil . Biomass Bioenerg 2013;36:373-80.
25. Roca AG, Morales MP, Grady KO, Serna CJ. Structural and magnetic properties of uniform magnetite nanoparticles prepared by high temperature decomposition of organic precursors . Nanotechnology 2006;17:2783-8.
26. A. Juneja, S. Mani, J Kastner, Catalytic cracking of Tar using Biochar as catalyst, American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 7 (2013) 5666-679.